Formazione & insegnamento
ISSN: 2279-7505 | Published: 2018-08-31
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Title: Prejudice and labelling: the role of the teacher in the development of deviant behaviours
Abstract: Social psychology defines prejudice as an innate mental construct with cultural contents.It has recognisable phases of inception and growth. The effects of prejudice and discriminatory behaviours on people who suffer them include a decrease of self- esteem and a worse conception of the Self. From a criminological point of view, prejudice can be defined by the labelling theory: it arises from social reaction to specific acts and social actors.The label applied to these people affects their identity and their conduct. As symbolic interactionism states, the Self is a construct formed by a continue interaction between Ego and Alter, through mechanisms of reflected appraisal. These processes can be found also in schools: teachers, with their beliefs, influence the cognitive growth of their students.Moreover, recent studies based on criminological theories, show that teachers can affect also a deviant behaviour's choice. Labelling students as less teachable, putting less effort and affect in teaching them, can condition their self- conception and, in consequence, their conduct. Schools in which there is a wide teachable culture show higher rates of selfreported misconduct.
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Title: Pregiudizio ed etichettamento: il ruolo dell'insegnante nello sviluppo di comportamenti devianti
Abstract: La psicologia sociale riconosce il pregiudizio come un costrutto mentale innato ma con contenuti di matrice culturale. Sono state individuate precise fasi di nascita e sviluppo. Gli effetti del pregiudizio e dei comportamenti discriminatori per chi li subisce includono un abbassamento dell'autostima e una più negativa considerazione di sé. Dal punto di vista della criminologia e della teoria dell'etichettamento, il pregiudizio nasce da reazioni sociali a determinati eventi devianti e attori sociali. L'etichetta applicata a questi soggetti influisce sulla loro identità e la loro futura condotta. Ciò si fonda anche sull'interazionismosimbolico, che, tramite meccanismi di apprendimento riflesso, definisce il Sé come il frutto dell'interazione tra Ego ed Alter. Questi processi avvengono anche nel contesto scolastico: i professori influenzano lo sviluppo cognitivo degli alunni ma non solo. Recenti studi, basati sulle citate teorie criminologiche, mostrano che gli insegnanti hanno un ruolo determinante anche nella scelta di una condotta deviante da parte dell'alunno. Etichettandolo come poco propenso ad imparare e attribuendogli determinate caratteristiche, il corpo insegnante influisce sulla concezione che l'alunno ha di sé e sulla sua condotta, prestandoglimeno attenzione ed impegnandosi meno nel trasmettergli informazioni. Scuolein cui gli insegnanti condividono largamente questo tipo di pregiudizi hanno mostrato una più alta percentuale di devianza e di propensione a comportamenti devianti.
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Title: Préjugés et étiquetage: le rôle de l'enseignant dans le développement d'un comportement déviant
Abstract: La psychologie sociale reconnaît les préjugés comme une construction mentale innée mais avec le contenu de la matrice culturelle.Des phases précises de la naissance et du développement ont été identifiées.Les effets des préjugés et des comportements discriminatoires pour ceux qui les souffrent comprennent une baisse de l'estime de soi et une auto-considération plus négative.Du point de vue de la criminologie et de la théorie de la récurrence, les préjugés découlent des réactions sociales à certains événements déviants et acteurs sociaux.L'étiquette appliquée à ces sujets affecte leur identité et leur conduite future.Ceci est également basé sur le drame qui, par les mécanismes d'apprentissage réfléchis, définit le soi comme le fruit de l'interaction entre l'ego et l'alter.Ces processus se déroulent également dans le contexte scolaire: les professeurs influencent le développement cognitif des élèves mais pas seulement.Des études récentes, basées sur les théories criminologiques susmentionnées, montrent que les enseignants ont également un rôle décisif dans le choix de la conduite déviante par l'élève.En l'étiquetant comme peu enclin à apprendre et à attribuer certaines caractéristiques, le corps de l'enseignant affecte la conception que l'élève a de lui-même et sur sa conduite, faisant semblant de se soucier et de s'occuper moins d'informations à lui.Les écoles auxquelles les enseignants partagent en grande partie ce type de préjugés ont montré un pourcentage plus élevé de déviance et de propension au comportement déviant. (This version of record did not originally feature translated metadata in this target language; the translation is hereby provided by Google Translation)
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Title: Prejuicio y etiquetado: el papel del maestro en el desarrollo del comportamiento desviado
Abstract: La psicología social reconoce el prejuicio como una construcción mental innata pero con el contenido de la matriz cultural.Se han identificado fases precisas de nacimiento y desarrollo.Los efectos de los prejuicios y el comportamiento discriminatorio para aquellos que los sufren incluyen una disminución de la autoestima y una autoconsideración más negativa.Desde el punto de vista de la criminología y la teoría de la recuperación, el prejuicio surge de las reacciones sociales a ciertos eventos desviados y actores sociales.La etiqueta aplicada a estos sujetos afecta su identidad y conducta futura.Esto también se basa en el drama, que, a través de mecanismos de aprendizaje reflejados, define el yo como el fruto de la interacción entre el ego y el alter.Estos procesos también tienen lugar en el contexto escolar: los profesores influyen en el desarrollo cognitivo de los alumnos pero no solo.Estudios recientes, basados en las teorías criminológicas antes mencionadas, muestran que los maestros tienen un papel decisivo también en la elección de la conducta desviada por parte del alumno.Al etiquetarlo como poco inclinado a aprender y atribuir ciertas características, el cuerpo del maestro afecta la concepción de que el alumno tiene de sí mismo y en su conducta, fingiendo ser cuidados y emprender menos en la transmisión de información a él.Las escuelas a las que los maestros comparten en gran medida este tipo de prejuicio han mostrado un mayor porcentaje de desviación y propensión al comportamiento desviado. (This version of record did not originally feature translated metadata in this target language; the translation is hereby provided by Google Translation)
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Title: Preconceito e rotulagem: o papel do professor no desenvolvimento do comportamento desviante
Abstract: A psicologia social reconhece o preconceito como uma construção mental inata, mas com o conteúdo da matriz cultural.Fases precisas de nascimento e desenvolvimento foram identificadas.Os efeitos do preconceito e do comportamento discriminatório para aqueles que os sofrem incluem uma redução da auto -estima e uma auto -consideração mais negativa.Do ponto de vista da criminologia e da teoria da receita, o preconceito decorre de reações sociais a certos eventos desviantes e atores sociais.O rótulo aplicado a esses sujeitos afeta sua identidade e conduta futura.Isso também se baseia no drama, que, através de mecanismos de aprendizado refletidos, define o eu como o fruto da interação entre ego e alter.Esses processos também ocorrem no contexto da escola: os professores influenciam o desenvolvimento cognitivo dos alunos, mas não apenas.Estudos recentes, baseados nas teorias criminológicas mencionadas, mostram que os professores têm um papel decisivo também na escolha de conduta desviante pelo aluno.Ao rotulá -lo de um pouco inclinado a aprender e atribuir certas características, o corpo do professor afeta a concepção de que o aluno tem de si mesmo e por sua conduta, fingindo ser cuidados e assumindo menos na transmissão de informações a ele.As escolas a quem os professores compartilham amplamente esse tipo de preconceito mostraram uma porcentagem maior de desvio e propensão ao comportamento desviante. (This version of record did not originally feature translated metadata in this target language; the translation is hereby provided by Google Translation)
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